IP Ratings (Ingress Protection)

IP Ratings (Ingress Protection)

A two-digit number established by the International Electro Technical Commission, is used to provide an Ingress Protection rating to a piece of electronic equipment or to an enclosure for electronic equipment.

The protection class after EN60529 is indicated by short symbols that consist of the two code letters IP and a code numeral for the amount of the protection.

Example: IP65 (NEMA 4)
The two digits represent different forms of environmental influence:
 • The first digit represents protection against ingress of solid objects.
 • The second digit represents protection against ingress of liquids.

The larger the value of each digit, the greater the protection. As an example, a product rated IP54 would be better protected against environmental factors than another similar product rated as IP42.

IP TABLE:

IP..	First digit: Ingress of solid objects	Second digit: Ingress of liquids
0	No protection	No protection
1	Protected against solid objects over 50mm e.g. hands, large tools.	Protected against vertically falling drops of water or condensation.
2	Protected against solid objects over 12.5mm e.g. hands, large tools.	Protected against falling drops of water, if the case is disposed up to 15 from vertical.
3	Protected against solid objects over 2.5mm e.g. wire, small tools.	Protected against sprays of water from any direction, even if the case is disposed up to 60 degree from vertical.
4	Protected against solid objects over 1.0mm e.g. wires.	Protected against splash water from any direction.
5	Limited protection against dust ingress. (no harmful deposit)	Protected against low pressure water jets from any direction. Limited ingress permitted.
6	Totally protected against dust ingress.	Protected against high pressure water jets from any direction. Limited ingress permitted.
7	N/A	Protected against short periods of immersion in water.
8	N/A	Protected against long, durable periods of immersion in water.

How to stay clear of office politics

How to stay clear of office politics

These two words make the corporate world dirty and murky – Office politics. This is the sad reality, and it exists in proportions across offices. This is no laughing matter. After all a dysfunctional office makes for unhappy employees, high attrition and low productivity. Even then, sometimes you get pulled into without your knowledge and at other times you create a scenario to save your misdoings. When things get out of hand, ask yourself does this really help? You will get the real answer.

“The key to stay clear of office politics is honest communication. Sometimes, people tend to lie or giving excuses when they are caught. Or they try and drag other people to clear their wrong. This only intensifies the situation. So, the best thing to do here is to accept your fault and as an adult give solutions to repair it. This will make your seniors trust you again,” says Sandeep Kaul, director, Whitelight Consulting.

Remember to err is to human. So, if you can accept your flaw and be honest about it, you have nothing to fear. However, don’t make the mistake of discussing office details or expressing your anger in public places like elevators or cafeterias or even indulge in long phone conversations over the phone in the washroom. You never know who is listening in. Though this might be innocence on your part, it could come and backfire if someone decides to use it to their advantage. There is a time and place to vent out your anger.

In such cases mostly the issue is personal. Thus, the key to avoid politics is to associate every problem with the issue and not with the person. “In most cases people tend to get personal. And within no time the issue takes the shape of ego. Thus, starts the pulling down game. So, the key here is to remember that no one really has anything against you,” points our Kaul.

So, if employees don’t use tools against each other and not make an issue or a problem a personal war, offices could be happier places. For instance, employees should realise that emails are used to ease the workflow and not as a charge sheet against a person. “My boss once used an email to pull me down in front of the management. She raised issues and involved everyone senior and junior person on the team. Later, the email backfired on her because the management looked at the issues and pointed out that the issue that was raised was actually the responsibility of my boss and not mine,” says a senior employee (who didn’t wished to be named) of a Mumbai-based IT firm. Thus, you never know how tools can turn against you.

In case you are pulled into the game, be honest, accept your responsibility and get your seniors on your side. “It’s always best to keep your manager in the loop or to have supporter from the senior management. This will only happen if the manager to gain your manager’s trust by being honest,” says Kaul.

Thus, the key to steer out of office politics is to be honest and to work outside of your ego.

Source:-jobbuzzblog.timesjobs.com

What are the main differences between Jewish and Christian religions?

Judaism believes that only you can be responsible for your sins. Nobody else can take them on or ask forgiveness on your behalf. Yes, we used to do animal sacrifices SOMETIMES, but most sacrifices were a mix of flour and oil. Still, sacrifice alone cannot atone for sin (and human sacrifice is ABHORRED by G-d). To atone for sins, a person must do teshuva, which includes: 1. recognizing the sin [knowing you did wrong] and feeling remorse for it 2. asking forgiveness of the wrong by the person you wronged (example: if you broke a Jewish law, you apologize to G-d, but if you broke your neighbor's favorite flowerpot, you must apologize to your neighbor for no one else can forgive you) 3. try to right the wrong you did--if you broke the flowerpot, either buy a new one or try to repair the old one sufficiently 4. actively resolve and try not to commit the wrong again--if you broke a law, create a reminder for yourself so that next time the opportunity comes up, you will remember.

Christianity has a close relationship with Judaism, both historically and theologically. Jesus, the twelve disciples, the author of most of the New Testament, and the members of the earliest Christian churches were all Jews. Jesus' family followed Jewish customs and Jesus frequently quoted the Hebrew Bible. Jesus' followers believed him to be the messiah, a Jewish figure predicted in the Jewish Bible.


Today, theological disagreements between Christians and Jews remain, but efforts are being made towards greater understanding and respect between the two great faiths. The following chart compares the origins, beliefs and practices of Christianity and Judaism.


Source www.religionfacts.com

History & Stats	Christianity	Judaism
date founded	c. 30 AD	c. 1300 BC
place founded	Palestine	Palestine
founders & early leaders	Jesus, Peter, Paul	Abraham, Moses
original languages	Aramaic and Greek	Hebrew
major location today	Europe, North and South America	Europe, Israel, North America
adherents worldwide today	2 billion	14 million
adherents in USA	159 million	5.6 million
adherents in Canada	21 million	350,000
adherents in UK	51 million	320,000
current size rank	largest	12th largest
major branches	Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant	Orthodox, Conservative, Reform
Religious Authority	Christianity	Judaism
sacred text	Bible = Old Testament (Jewish Bible) + New Testament	Tanakh (Jewish Bible)
inspiration of sacred text	views vary: literal word of God, inspired human accounts, or of human origin only	views vary: inspired human accounts or of human origin only
status of biblical prophets	true prophets	true prophets
status of Jewish Bible	canonical	canonical
status of Jewish Apocrypha	canonical (Catholic); useful but noncanonical (Protestant)	noncanonical but useful
status of New Testament	canonical	noncanonical, not useful
other written authority	church fathers, church councils, ecumenical creeds (all branches); papal decrees, canon law (Catholic)	Talmud, halakhah
modern human authorities	pope (Catholic); each Christian with aid of Holy Spirit (Protestant)	rabbis
summaries of doctrine	Apostle's Creed, Nicene Creed	13 Articles of Faith
Beliefs & Doctrine	Christianity	Judaism
ultimate reality	one God, Jehovah, the God of Abraham	one God, Jehovah, the God of Abraham
nature of God	Trinity - one substance, three persons	unity - one substance, one person
other spiritual beings	angels and demons	angels and demons
revered humans	saints, church fathers	prophets
identity of Jesus	Son of God, God incarnate, savior of the world	false prophet
birth of Jesus	virgin birth	normal birth
death of Jesus	death by crucifixion	death by crucifixion
resurrection of Jesus	affirmed	denied
second coming of Jesus	affirmed	denied
divine revelation	through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself), recorded in Bible	through Prophets, recorded in Bible
human nature	"original sin" inherited from Adam - tendency towards evil	two equal impulses, one good and one bad
means of salvation	correct belief, faith, good deeds, sacraments (some Protestants emphasize faith alone)	belief in God, good deeds
God's role in salvation	predestination, various forms of grace	divine revelation and forgiveness
good afterlife	eternal heaven	views vary: either heaven or no afterlife
bad afterlife	eternal hell, temporary purgatory (Catholicism)	views vary: either eternal Gehenna, reincarnation, or no afterlife
view of the other religion	Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation.	Christianity is a false interpretation of Judaism.
Rituals & Practices	Christianity	Judaism
house of worship	church, chapel, cathedral, basilica, meeting hall	synagogue, temple, schul
religious leaders	priest, bishop, archbishop, patriarch, pope, pastor, minister, preacher, deacon	rabbi, rebbe
sacred rituals	sacraments	mitzvot (commandments)
major sacred rituals	baptism, communion (Eucharist)	observing Sabbath, wearing tallit and tefilin, prayer services
head covered during prayer?	generally no	generally yes (especially men)
central religious holy days	Lent, Holy Week, Easter	Yom Kippur, Days of Awe, Passover
other holidays	Christmas, saints days	Chanukah, Purim
major symbols	cross, crucifix, dove, anchor, fish, alpha and omega, chi rho, halo	Star of David, chai, hamsa, tree

The Legends Behind Why February Has Only 28 Days

The Legends Behind Why February Has Only 28 Days (Except for Leap Years)

Legends, May Make February the Most Interesting Month

Have you ever stop and wondered why February only has 28 days, except for every four years (leap years) and then it has 29 days? Why didn't it just have 30 days? There are two legends for the answer to these questions.
Legend one has it that the Romans were the first ones to make up a calendar. Their calendar is very similar to the one we use today, except the first ones supposedly didn't even include the month of February. In fact, the first ones actually only included ten months which added up to 304 days.
This legend goes on to say, that King Numa Pompilius was the one who added the months of January and February. But even then the year only added up to 355 days and 12 lunar cycles. This made the solar year still short by 10 to 11 days. To help rectify the situation King Pompilius then added the month that was known as Mercedinus.
This new calendar was closer than the first one. But it still didn't work perfectly with the lunar cycle. Julius Caesar decided to ignore the calendar. He got rid of the month of Mercedinus. He also gave February 28 days except for every four years in which it would have twenty nine days. Thus, this calendar exactly made up of 365 and 1/4 days.
This is why the calendar we used today is often referred to as the Julian Calendar. It is basically the same calendar, with a few minor adjustments.
Legend two, states that the reason why February has only 28 days is because of jealousy. Some believe that Augustus Caesar was jealous because his birthday fell in the month of August (which only had 30 days back then) while Julius Caesar was born in July and his birth month had 31 days. So Augusta took one day from the month of February and added it on to August. That left February with only 28 days, except for leap year.
Interesting bit, was that there was a proposal to change our calendar once again. This proposed change if ever introduced would give us 13 months and each month would have 28 days. This would mean a year would equal 364 days and one extra day, two in leap year.
Yet, it is doubtful if this proposed change will ever happen. Math is not the center point of our calendar, it never has been and probably never will be the center point. Our culture and our religious beliefs still house many beliefs that is engraved by lunar-solar roots (take astrology for instance).
Do you know what was the main purpose our ancestors had for inventing the calendar? They used it as a means to help with their farming. They needed to mark which days were the best for planning certain crops.
Maybe it doesn't really matter what the reasoning as to why February became the shortest month of the year is. Because as long as we don't know for sure, we can enjoy all the legends behind this short, but maybe most talked about month of the year.


Source of this information:- Yahoo Voice-Linda M. McCloud

5 Best FREE LAN/WiFi Chat & File Sharing Software

1. BeeBEEP

BeeBEEP is an open source local area network chat tool capable to transfer files between computers. BeeBEEP supports secure network chat without installing a separate server on each computer, so you can interact freely within your office, home or cafe without an internet connection. Minimize your chat sessions to System Tray or even add your personal HTML code in chat.

2. Squiggle

Squiggle is another open source free server less LAN messenger, just download it and start private chat sessions within your local network or transfer your important files on the go. Requires .NET Framework 4.0 with Windows 7 or higher.

3. AChat

AChat is a free software for chatting within your local network. Send files, send messages to live hosts as well as to those who are currently offline. There is no server installation required for AChat. It supports private individual messages and also private sessions, and with public chat, you can build local meeting sessions. AChat is capable to record your chat logs, and requires no server installation on local network computers.

4. BORGChat

BORGChat is another free LAN chat software capable to send files, make private conversations as well as public chat sessions, smiley’s and quick shortcut keys. With BORGChat, you can transfer files and pause them according to your network bandwidth. It is also capable to record chat logs. BORGChat support graphical chat like emotions while there is no server installation required for proper working of  BORGChat. It supports message boards and message filtration too, which adds the flexibility to allow or block certain users under the full administrator privileges.

5. Net-C

Net-C, a free LAN chat software which provides the flexibility to transfer files, make conversations and see current users status. It doesn’t need server installation on computers within your network. Net-C is a multi platform chat messenger so that you are good to go with group chats. It also supports private messages, private chat sessions as well as public chats with cool emotions. In Net-C, you can add your own configuration files like adding your own chat emotions if you have the required expertise, as it is an open source software which allows its users to modify it according to their taste.

These were the 5 best chat software for networks like LAN/Wifi for your best of the interests. Do you know some other free LAN chat utilities, let us know in the comments below.



Source:-http://www.tipsotricks.com/2012/07/5-best-free-lanwifi-chat-file-sharing-software.html

How to Fix COM Surrogate Problem When Opening Video Format Files

Many Windows Vista users probably have this problem quite frequently. Sometimes if they open a folder which contains video-format files such as MPEG or AVI files, it’s annoying to encounter an error message prompted out as follows: “COM Surrogate has stopped working. A problem caused the program to stop working correctly. Windows will close the program and notify you if a solution is available.” The message won’t go away even when users have closed the program. The error message will keep prompting out unless and until users close the relevant folder.

It is quite irritating and frustrating especially if you are rushing to finish something. The reason why this error message pops out is mainly because users probably have installed some media player applications such as Nero, DivX, KMPlayer, etc whereby the common files in these applications are not compatible with Windows Vista. To fix the problem of the COM Surrogate stop working in Vista, the easier and possible solution is to uninstall these incompatible programs or update them to the very latest version. Alternately, you also could try out the following solution:

1. Press elevated command prompt with administrator privileges.
2. Type in regsvr32 %windir%/System32/vbscript.dll and press Enter.
3. The system will pop out a dialog message showing “DLL Register Server in C:\Windows\System32/vbscript.dll has been successful”.
4. Then go to Organize Menu, choose Folder and Search Option, then go to View tab. Check the Always show icons, never thumbnails item.

Other Option(Simple best)

1. Open task manager
2. End File name((dllhost.exe))

Note:- This is a temporary Solution ,it will only terminate the Process For that time period only

How to Download Files Using eMule

eMule

eMule is a free peer-to-peer file sharing application for Microsoft Windows. Started in May 2002 as an alternative to eDonkey2000, eMule now connects to both the eDonkey network and the Kad network. The distinguishing features of eMule are the direct exchange of sources between client nodes, fast recovery of corrupted downloads, and the use of a credit system to reward frequent uploaders. Furthermore, eMule transmits data in zlib-compressed form to save bandwidth.

eMule is coded in C++ using the Microsoft Foundation Classes. Since July 2002 eMule has been free software, released under the GNU General Public License; its popularity has led to eMule's codebase being used as the basis of cross-platform clients aMule, JMule, xMule, along with the release of many eMule mods (modifications of the original eMule) on the Internet.

As of March 2012, it is the most popular download on SourceForge, with over 639 million downloads.

How to Download Files Using eMule

Instructions

        1

        Navigate to the eMule website at emule.com.
        2

        Click "Download" to download the latest version of the program from one of the public servers.
        3

        Install the executable file. Once that is done, launch eMule.
        4

        Click the "Servers" button and double-click the server of your choice. You should be able to see that you're connected in the status window. You may have to try a few times before your attempts are successful.
        5

        Click the "Search" button and enter your search parameters. Click "Start" to start your search.
        6

        Click an item in the search results and click the "Download" button to download that file.

Tips & Warnings

• You can search for incomplete words if you're not sure of a certain file's title.
• Downloads can take a while, so be patient.
• Scan the downloads for viruses, especially if they're EXE or ZIP files.

Helpfiles contain a lot of useful information, explanation, FAQ and guides.
Download the helpfile of your choice into the eMule installation folder! Then press F1 within eMule to start the help!

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