First Download MeGUI. Download only from sourceforge.net. Extract it.
First u'll need K-Lite codec pack (full or Mega version) and Nero HE-AAC encoder(.exe file). I've discussed about how to dwnload and use Nero-aac in one of the below images.
Wednesday, January 14, 2015
How to Encode using MeGUI.
First u'll need K-Lite codec pack (full or Mega version) and Nero HE-AAC encoder(.exe file). I've discussed about how to dwnload and use Nero-aac in one of the below images.
Tuesday, March 25, 2014
The 5 Stages of Grieving the End of a Relationship
1. Denial
In this phase our heart rather than our head rules our belief system as we try to adjust to the idea of life without the person we’re losing. Even though we know the relationship is over, we really don’t believe it. Against the better judgment of everyone around us, we can’t help but entertain fantasies of things somehow working out. We see hidden glimmers of hope buried in clear indications that it’s over. Yes, this is the phase where we are most susceptible to late night texting.
2. Anger
Anger can manifest in many different ways – anger at your ex (“How could he do this to me? Why can’t she stop being selfish?”), anger at God or the universe (“Why can’t anything ever work out for me? Why am I cursed?”), anger at people or situations associated with the break-up (anger at the other woman; anger that your partner lost her job, because that is when she “changed”), and anger at other people who don’t agree or stand with your anger (“Can you believe George and Jane still want to be friends with him after what he did to me?”). This is the phase where we think it’s a great idea to tell anyone and everyone what a psycho-crazy vixen our ex was. This is also when we think it’s crucial to send our ex hateful emails because we don’t want him thinking he got away with anything.
3. Bargaining
Bargaining often goes hand in hand with denial. Bargaining can be looking for any possible way to make the relationship work through negotiation, threats, and/or magic – for example, telling your ex that you will change, or move or go to therapy, or telling him he is hurting the children, his family, your family, and the dog by leaving. And, of course, this phase is not only limited to bargaining with your ex. Many people bargain with The Powers That Be, promising to be a better person if only the ex will come back. During this stage, you may take a new interest in astrology, tarot cards or any type of voodoo that will forecast a reunion. This is also when we attempt to enlist all friends and family to “talk some sense” into him.
4. Depression
Depression, like anger, also surfaces in many different forms, for example feeling tired all the time, not wanting to do anything but lay in bed, feeling disconnected from people even when you’re with them, being on the verge of tears most of the time, trouble sleeping or sleeping too much, loss of appetite or overeating, increase in drug or alcohol use and (the big one) hopelessness. Hopelessness is the most pervasive and debilitating, It is the thing that leads us to believe that nothing will ever be or feel different than it is right now. Hopelessness makes it feel like you will never move on and that nothing will ever work out for you in the future.
5. Acceptance
Finally, this is the phase in which we are able to make peace with the loss. It doesn’t always come on suddenly; it often happens gradually, little bit by little bit, interspersed with some of the other phases. Acceptance doesn’t always involve harmony and flowers – there is almost certain to be lingering sadness. Acceptance entails making peace with the loss, letting go of the relationship and slowly moving forward with your life. Sometimes it feels like this phase will never come, which usually means you’re still struggling in an earlier phase.
Knowing your phases of grief can help normalize your break-up experience. It’s also important to know that there are no time limits and no rushing the process. Grieving is like digestion: there is nothing you can do to hurry it along. It takes time and the only thing you can do is try to get through it. But take heart in the fact that this, like everything else, will eventually pass.
Source:-http://www.psychologytoday.com
In this phase our heart rather than our head rules our belief system as we try to adjust to the idea of life without the person we’re losing. Even though we know the relationship is over, we really don’t believe it. Against the better judgment of everyone around us, we can’t help but entertain fantasies of things somehow working out. We see hidden glimmers of hope buried in clear indications that it’s over. Yes, this is the phase where we are most susceptible to late night texting.
2. Anger
Anger can manifest in many different ways – anger at your ex (“How could he do this to me? Why can’t she stop being selfish?”), anger at God or the universe (“Why can’t anything ever work out for me? Why am I cursed?”), anger at people or situations associated with the break-up (anger at the other woman; anger that your partner lost her job, because that is when she “changed”), and anger at other people who don’t agree or stand with your anger (“Can you believe George and Jane still want to be friends with him after what he did to me?”). This is the phase where we think it’s a great idea to tell anyone and everyone what a psycho-crazy vixen our ex was. This is also when we think it’s crucial to send our ex hateful emails because we don’t want him thinking he got away with anything.
3. Bargaining
Bargaining often goes hand in hand with denial. Bargaining can be looking for any possible way to make the relationship work through negotiation, threats, and/or magic – for example, telling your ex that you will change, or move or go to therapy, or telling him he is hurting the children, his family, your family, and the dog by leaving. And, of course, this phase is not only limited to bargaining with your ex. Many people bargain with The Powers That Be, promising to be a better person if only the ex will come back. During this stage, you may take a new interest in astrology, tarot cards or any type of voodoo that will forecast a reunion. This is also when we attempt to enlist all friends and family to “talk some sense” into him.
4. Depression
Depression, like anger, also surfaces in many different forms, for example feeling tired all the time, not wanting to do anything but lay in bed, feeling disconnected from people even when you’re with them, being on the verge of tears most of the time, trouble sleeping or sleeping too much, loss of appetite or overeating, increase in drug or alcohol use and (the big one) hopelessness. Hopelessness is the most pervasive and debilitating, It is the thing that leads us to believe that nothing will ever be or feel different than it is right now. Hopelessness makes it feel like you will never move on and that nothing will ever work out for you in the future.
5. Acceptance
Finally, this is the phase in which we are able to make peace with the loss. It doesn’t always come on suddenly; it often happens gradually, little bit by little bit, interspersed with some of the other phases. Acceptance doesn’t always involve harmony and flowers – there is almost certain to be lingering sadness. Acceptance entails making peace with the loss, letting go of the relationship and slowly moving forward with your life. Sometimes it feels like this phase will never come, which usually means you’re still struggling in an earlier phase.
Knowing your phases of grief can help normalize your break-up experience. It’s also important to know that there are no time limits and no rushing the process. Grieving is like digestion: there is nothing you can do to hurry it along. It takes time and the only thing you can do is try to get through it. But take heart in the fact that this, like everything else, will eventually pass.
Source:-http://www.psychologytoday.com
Saturday, March 15, 2014
10 Things men should never ask women
An author has come up with a list of 10 top dating tips to guide men on what they should never say to women.
David DeAngelo, author of "Double Your Dating", says there is nothing worse than making mistakes that will later be regretted and one way to avoid them is to remember the following, Bullz-Eye.com reported.
First of all , a man should never ask a woman if he can kiss her, as she will only say, a man should never "ask" for a kiss.
Asking her for a kiss will only make a man look like a boy, which is what a woman is not interested in, and even if she says "yes", it could mean she is just being polite, while on the inside her attraction meter will read a firm, "No".
Secondly , a man should never ask a woman if he can take her out on a date sometime, as she would like to be with a man who is a leader and in control, not someone who asks her permission to hit on her.
A man should confidently ask a woman out, by simply saying, "We should hang out... what's your number?" or tell her about a specific place he wants to take her to.
Thirdly , a man should never brag about the car he has or the kind of house he lives in, as it would seem like he is trying hard to impress her.
Women would be far more impressed by a man's material possessions if he does not mention them in conversation.
The fourth thing a man should never ask a woman is what she wants to do for the night, as she likes a "man with a plan".
The man needs to have a game plan before he calls her, so as to ensure that she will not be burdened with having to think about what to do.
Fifthly, a man should never ask a woman if she likes him, as this is one phrase that turns off a woman completely.
He should just assume that she likes him, and never ask the question, as it would look like he has no confidence.
The sixth tip is that a man should never ask a woman why she never answered his message, as one, it would show that he cared she did not reply back, and two, it would give her a guilt trip, which is seen as insecurity by women.
The seventh tip is that a man should never ask a woman how men she has slept with, as this shows that he is suffering from insecurity.
The eighth tip is that a man should never hint at a future date with a woman he has just met, as she not only wants but needs a guy who is somewhat of a "challenge", and will lose interest if she senses she has won.
The ninth tip is that a man should never end a phone conversation with a woman with a "next step", as firstly it would kill any spontaneity by being predictable, and secondly he would kill any chances of her calling him.
The tenth tip is that a man should never talk bad about a woman's guy friends especially if he hasn't met them and doesn't know her very well, as this is the fastest way for her to mark him as "insecure".
Source:- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com
David DeAngelo, author of "Double Your Dating", says there is nothing worse than making mistakes that will later be regretted and one way to avoid them is to remember the following, Bullz-Eye.com reported.
First of all , a man should never ask a woman if he can kiss her, as she will only say, a man should never "ask" for a kiss.
Asking her for a kiss will only make a man look like a boy, which is what a woman is not interested in, and even if she says "yes", it could mean she is just being polite, while on the inside her attraction meter will read a firm, "No".
Secondly , a man should never ask a woman if he can take her out on a date sometime, as she would like to be with a man who is a leader and in control, not someone who asks her permission to hit on her.
A man should confidently ask a woman out, by simply saying, "We should hang out... what's your number?" or tell her about a specific place he wants to take her to.
Thirdly , a man should never brag about the car he has or the kind of house he lives in, as it would seem like he is trying hard to impress her.
Women would be far more impressed by a man's material possessions if he does not mention them in conversation.
The fourth thing a man should never ask a woman is what she wants to do for the night, as she likes a "man with a plan".
The man needs to have a game plan before he calls her, so as to ensure that she will not be burdened with having to think about what to do.
Fifthly, a man should never ask a woman if she likes him, as this is one phrase that turns off a woman completely.
He should just assume that she likes him, and never ask the question, as it would look like he has no confidence.
The sixth tip is that a man should never ask a woman why she never answered his message, as one, it would show that he cared she did not reply back, and two, it would give her a guilt trip, which is seen as insecurity by women.
The seventh tip is that a man should never ask a woman how men she has slept with, as this shows that he is suffering from insecurity.
The eighth tip is that a man should never hint at a future date with a woman he has just met, as she not only wants but needs a guy who is somewhat of a "challenge", and will lose interest if she senses she has won.
The ninth tip is that a man should never end a phone conversation with a woman with a "next step", as firstly it would kill any spontaneity by being predictable, and secondly he would kill any chances of her calling him.
The tenth tip is that a man should never talk bad about a woman's guy friends especially if he hasn't met them and doesn't know her very well, as this is the fastest way for her to mark him as "insecure".
Source:- http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com
Tuesday, February 18, 2014
Enable wifi on BSNL router
Follow this to enable auto-connect and wifi on any of your BSNL dsl modem cum routers. Mine is DNA-A211-I.
1. Go to the default getway, most likely 192.168.1.1. If you are unable to get to it, feel free to reset the router to the factory setting by a small button at the back of the router.
2. Login using admin/admin, unless you have changed it. (You should!)
3. Go to "Advanced Setup" -> "WAN". Click on the "edit" button on the entry with values 0/35 for VPI/VCI and PPPoE for Protocol.
4. Select service category "UBR without PCR". Click next.
5. Select "PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)" and Encapsulation Mode as "LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING". Click next.
6. Type username and password for your BSNL connection, "dataone" as service name and "AUTO" as Authentication Method. Check "Dial on Demand" and set 30 minutes (or whatever) as timeout. Check "Retry PPP password on authentication error" and "Bridge PPPoE Frames Between WAN and Local Ports (Default Enabled)". Click next.
7. Check "Enable WAN service". Click next, save and save/reboot.
Source :-http://amitgud.blogspot.in
1. Go to the default getway, most likely 192.168.1.1. If you are unable to get to it, feel free to reset the router to the factory setting by a small button at the back of the router.
2. Login using admin/admin, unless you have changed it. (You should!)
3. Go to "Advanced Setup" -> "WAN". Click on the "edit" button on the entry with values 0/35 for VPI/VCI and PPPoE for Protocol.
4. Select service category "UBR without PCR". Click next.
5. Select "PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)" and Encapsulation Mode as "LLC/SNAP-BRIDGING". Click next.
6. Type username and password for your BSNL connection, "dataone" as service name and "AUTO" as Authentication Method. Check "Dial on Demand" and set 30 minutes (or whatever) as timeout. Check "Retry PPP password on authentication error" and "Bridge PPPoE Frames Between WAN and Local Ports (Default Enabled)". Click next.
7. Check "Enable WAN service". Click next, save and save/reboot.
Source :-http://amitgud.blogspot.in
Wednesday, January 29, 2014
Tuesday, January 28, 2014
Meaning of Signature
Meaning of Signature
- First letter in capital and in bigger size compared to other letters in the signature: This tells that writer has large PPI (Personnel Personality Index), writer is able to form his impression at first meeting itself.
- Break just after first letter in the signature: Means a person has initial communication hitch/gap/fear/inhibition.
- Writer first name only (surname/family name missing) Tells about his/her own mission/vision. These people rely solely on their own strength and avoid friends'/parents advise/help/guidance. Now a days these types can be found in signatures of most of call center/ entertainment, media boys and girls.
- First letter limited to initials, second name/surname with all the details : Such persons are able to create initial impression but are not able to flourish due to over dependence on their parents. They give less priority to their own goals/vision/mission.
- Legible signature : Tells that person is able to exercise full potential of his calibre and has created his own brand in the area of his interest. Such writers are able to market efficiently their personality features at public and enjoy recognition, authority, quality, aspect of their own work. It also shows that person has clear vision/mission of his choice.
-
Curved and smooth signature: Tells that person is gentle, charming, flexible,
outgoing, sociable e.g. Example : Film actress Shri Devi’s signature.
- Signature with angular connections: Implies that the writer is forceful has strong personality, competitive, aggressive and has a strong will. See the signature of actor Aamir Khan.
- Underscoring below signature : Indicates that person has a healthy ego, confidence. If underline starts since beginning of signature then this shows that person is lucky enough since childhood as far as basic necessity like food and cloth and infrastructure are concerned.
- Underline crossing the signature at middle zone of letters: This is the indication of person’s sacrifices, He is not able to justify/adjust to the outer world, self destructive nature, inner fear.
- Many underscoring : This features tells that person doubts his own public worth/importance
- Underlining at upper zone /above the signature: It indicates self protectiveness , spiritual / intellectual drive, leadership traits
- Underline below and above the signature: Writer likes to follow a predetermined line of action, he is resentful.
- First letter written in small case with bigger size : Means that person has high usable skills beneficial for others not for himself. Excellent communication (loud).
- Large capitals: Shows creativity, pride, desire for greatness, extremely large size project inner fantasies and repressed wishes.
- Large bottom loops : Is indication for strong need / desire for sexuality, money and material possession.
- Small case/size capitals : Indicates writer doesn’t want public acceptance, modest, pride and tradition relatively unimportant.
- Ascending signature (i.e. base line going upside) Tells about optimism, ambition, active
- Descending signature : Means writer is pessimistic, depressed, fatigued, not goal oriented.
- Dot follows signature : Means that “the final word has been said and there is no more “ world stops here, doubts own actions
- Dot below underline :One dot tells vigilant nature, two dots mean willing to get directed (good for actors) One can see Amitabh Bachchan’s signature.
- Middle name first : Tells that writer is giving top most priority to his hobby and secondary actions, basic instinct, and drive. He lives a wandering life and is not able to make faithful friends/ lasting relations.
- Signature placed at the center : Tells that writer is shy, wants to be in the center of things.
- Signature smaller than script : Means introvert natura submissive, mild, modest, insecure.
- Signature bigger than script : Shows writer is extrovert, secure, contentious, over reactive.
- First name and second name interconnected :Tells writer’s richness in character, sociability, strong parental association.
- Illegible deformed crawled threaded signature :Tells that writer has high IQ but is not able to fulfill his own vision and mission. Such persons are a compromising lot at the cost of self destruction. These traits are common in IAS officers. / secretaries, because their skill is used to fulfill the political motives.
- Encircled signature :Tells writer wants to hide or shelter from society, protective behavior, not able to utilize entrepreneurship.
- Signature written with greater speed than the script :Implies more confidence than actual, portrays good potential for improvements.
- Signature written with slower speed than the script: Tells that writer has achieved better traits/ controls, he is reserved and careful to control his impulse.
- Vertical strokes of letters bent at the middle towards left side : Shows comparatively more attachment to mother than father.
- Vertical strokes of letter bent at the middle zone towards right side :Tell that writer is more inclined towards his father.
- Variable slant of letters within the signature : Emotional disturbances, strong in fight inside the mind, unstable, unsychronised thought, variable moods, difficulty in getting things done in a friendly manner.
- Initials starting with strokes : Writer has inherited skills, can’t start things without introduction.
-
Signature with long ending stroke : Writer has extra energy, helps two steps extra
proactively, helps others out of the way.
Source:-http://www.futurepointindia.com
Monday, January 27, 2014
Insert different headers in word
How to insert Different header or Footer in Word 2007-11
Step 1:-
First mover your cursor to respect page , from where onword you want to have a different footer or header
Step 2:-
Click on next page button to break the page & form new starting cursor location
Step 3:-
then click on "link to previous" so that your previous page footer don't change
Friday, January 10, 2014
Calculating Luminosity
You have learned that in order to understand stars, astronomers want to know their luminosity. Luminosity
describes how much light incoming from the star each second. Luminosity can be measured in watts (W).
The brightness of this bulb is the same at all points one meter away from the bulb. All those points together form
a sphere with a radius of one meter, surrounding the bulb.
describes how much light incoming from the star each second. Luminosity can be measured in watts (W).
The brightness of this bulb is the same at all points one meter away from the bulb. All those points together form
a sphere with a radius of one meter, surrounding the bulb.
Friday, December 13, 2013
Thursday, December 12, 2013
5 Websites to Download Torrent Files using IDM
Torrents are the most popular method of
downloading large files. Torrents provide better speed, no file
corruption, anytime resume and security. The speed of torrents depends
on the number of users seeding the torrents i.e. the data or bandwidth
is equally distributed among many users. If there are 100 seeders of a
torrent, that means 100 users are sharing their bandwidth with you so
you can get better download speed. But what if you want to download a
large file which doesn’t have many seeders? For that we have online
torrent clients which caches the torrent and then lets you download the
file using your favorite download manager like Internet Download Manager
(IDM).
Today we will share 5 websites which
helps you to download torrents files using download managers. Remember
that this is no way a trick as you might have seen on other websites,
these are just online services helping you.
1. zbigz.com
ZbigZ is an online bittorent client that
lets you download torrent files using a download manager. It also lets
you stream media files direct to your PC. Other features of ZbigZ are
given below:
- Download any type of content
- No Speed and Bandwidth limit for Premium users
- For free users, speed up to 150kbps and 8GB file size limit
- No network or software restrictions
- Download anonymously
- Stream music and video
- Download from anywhere, anytime
You just need to provide the link of the
torrent file and ZbigZ will starting downloading for you which you can
later download to your PC. The cache is stored only for a week and after
that you will have to start over again.
2. Furk.net
Furk.net is quite similar to ZbigZ, it lets you stream files from one computer to another. The only limitation is that it only works on Indian IP address, that means you need access to a PC in India. You can also use any VPN or similar software to download the file but registration would not work without Indian IP. Furk.net is now accessible worldwide and you don’t need an Indian IP for registration, it is open to all.
- Bandwidth limit: up to 250GB per month
- Disk storage limit: unlimited (as long as files are from public sources)
- Download size limit is 700 MB though they don’t mention it on the website
- File will be deleted if not downloaded in 30 days otherwise will be stored forever
- Plugins available for Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome
- No speed limits
You can register using your Facebook account or if you have an invite code then you can use it to register with out using Facebook.
3. Boxopus
It is solely an online torrent client
which stores the downloaded torrents in your DropBox account. It’s still
in Beta so the functionality is limited.
- Unlimited Bandwidth
- 2GB file size limit
- Cached files are deleted in 24 hours whether you download them or not
- Stores your torrent file in DropBox
As this site is in Beta, you will need
an invitation code to register. Alternatively, you can sign in using
Facebook, Twitter or Dropbox accounts respectively. It will ask you to
provide the link to torrent file or upload the torrent. Now, download
the torrent to your PC using any download manager.
TorrentHandler is another service that lets you download torrents directly using your download manager.
- No file size limit
- Unlimited bandwidth available
- Unlimited storage space
If you have heard about another service
named Quick-Torrent then let me tell you that Quick-Torrent and
TorrentHandler are both same services, just using different names.
Similar to other services discussed above, it also lets you either
upload a torrent file or provide a link to the torrent file. Once the
file is cached, you will receive a notification on your mail. Now, you
can download torrent file using download manager such as IDM.
5. Put.io
It is one of the best online media
streaming service out there on the web. The only downside(for now) is
that the free user slots are full so you can not use it for free.
Nevertheless, you can submit your email address to get notified as soon
as the free account registrations are open.
- Space up to 1TB for Premium members, no free accounts on offer for now
- Stream media files as well as download torrents
- Unlimited bandwidth for premium members
- Stores your files on its own server until you delete them yourself
You just need to enter the link to the
torrent file and your torrent will start downloading and will be stored
in your account. Now, you can download that file anytime using Internet
Download Manager or any other download manager in high speed.
So, there you have 5 websites that lets
you download torrents using download managers. Which one do you use from
the above five? Do you use any service other than the above mentioned
websites? If yes, then do let us know in the comments below.
Source:- www.webrevud.com
Monday, October 28, 2013
Continent
Seven Continent
5 Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean. The Pacific Ocean covers 69,375,000 square miles, or 35% of the earth. The Pacific Ocean is almost half of all the oceans, as big as the other four oceans combined. As the earth spins around, there is a viewpoint from outer space where all you can see is the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is between Asia on the west and North and South America on the east. The Pacific Ocean connects to the Indian Ocean to the west, to the Antarctic Ocean to the south, and to the Arctic Ocean to the north.
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean. The Atlantic Ocean covers 41,105,000 square miles, or 21% of the earth. The Atlantic Ocean is a little bigger than half as big as the Pacific Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is between North and South America on the west and Europe and Africa on the east. The Atlantic Ocean connects to the Arctic Ocean to the north, and to the Antarctic Ocean to the south.
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean. The Indian Ocean covers 28,900,000 square miles, or 15% of the earth. The Indian Ocean is between Africa on the west and Asia on the north. The Indian Ocean connects to the Antarctic Ocean to the south, and to the Pacific Ocean to the east.
Antarctic Ocean
The Antarctic Ocean circles the globe and surrounds the southern continent of Antarctica. The Antarctic Ocean is also called the Southern Ocean. The Antarctic Ocean is connected to the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans.
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean covers the earth's north pole. This ocean is so cold that its surface is often frozen during the winter. The vast Arctic icecap is the source of many icebergs. The Arctic Ocean is between North America and Asia. The Arctic Ocean is connected to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
Longitude & Latitude
Reverse osmosis
Osmosis is the tendency of fluids to pass through a membrane with equal concentrations on both sides.
Reverse osmosis is forcing fluids through a membrane with a lower concentration on one side than the other.
Source:- http://espwaterproducts.com
Reverse osmosis is forcing fluids through a membrane with a lower concentration on one side than the other.
How the Reverse Osmosis System Works?
Reverse Osmosis is a process in which dissolved inorganic
solids (such as salts) are removed from a solution (such as water).
This is accomplished by household water pressure pushing the tap
water through a semi permeable membrane. The membrane (which is
about as thick as cellophane) allows only the water to pass through,
not the impurities or contaminates. These impurities and contaminates
are flushed down the drain.
Ultimately, the factors that affect the performance
of a Reverse Osmosis System are:
- Incoming water pressure
- Water Temperature
- Type and number of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the tap water
- The quality of the filters and membranes used in the RO System (see operating specs)
Source:- http://espwaterproducts.comThursday, October 24, 2013
FET vs MOSFET
The transistor, a semiconductor device, is the device that made all our modern
technology possible. It is used to control the current and even to
amplify it based on an input voltage or current. There are two major
types of transistors, the BJT and the FET. Under each major category,
there are many subtypes. This is the most significant difference FET and
MOSFET. FET stands for Field Effect Transistor and is a family of very
different transistors that collectively rely on an electric field
created by the voltage on the gate in order to control the current flow
between the drain and the source. One of the many types of FET is the
Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor or MOSFET. The
Metal-Oxide Semiconductor is used as an insulating layer between the
gate and the substrate of the transistor.
The oxide insulation in most MOSFETs
nowadays is Silicon Dioxide. It might seem confusing as silicon is not a
metal but a metalloid. Initially, a metal was actually used but has been
replaced with Silicon due to its superior characteristics. The Silicon
Dioxide is basically a capacitor that holds charge whenever voltage is
applied to the gate. This charge then creates a field by pulling
oppositely charged particles or repelling particles with the same charge
and allows or restricts the flow of the current between the drain and
source.
Although there are a wide number of
transistors that can be used in digital circuitry, it is the MOSFET that
is currently preferred. CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)
basically uses a p-type and n-type MOSFETs in pairs to complement each
other. In this configuration, MOSFETS only have significant power
consumption during switching and not while it holds its state. This is
very desirable, especially in modern computing equipment where power and
thermal limits are pushed to the edge. Other types of FET cannot
replicate this capability or are too expensive to manufacture.
Advancements in MOSFETs are constantly
evolving, both in size as companies keep going into smaller
architectures. But also in design like the 3D MOSFETs that show a lot of
promise. MOSFETs are the transistor of choice for today as researchers
try to find other types of transistors that can be a suitable
replacement for it.
Summary:
1.MOSFET is a type of FET
2.MOSFET is the preferred type of FET for digital circuitry
2.MOSFET is the preferred type of FET for digital circuitry
Wednesday, October 23, 2013
Introduction of the semiconductor fabrication processing
IC-manufacturing process is a multiple-step sequence of photographic and
chemical processing steps during which electronic circuits are
gradually created on a wafer made of pure semiconducting material.
Figure 1 illustrates one cycle of the main steps and their sequence. The
final products will come out after repeating several times this basic
cycle. And wafer cleaning is happening throughout the whole fabrication
process.
The main steps of the semiconductor manufacturing are Layering ,Photo-lithography,Etching,Doping,Resist removal and Wafer cleaning.
Layering techniques are used to grow thin layers of film on the surface of a silicon wafer.
Photo-lithography is a process used in micro fabrication to selectively remove parts of a thin film (or the bulk of a substrate). It uses light to transfer a geometric pattern from a photomask to a light-sensitive chemical (photo-resist) on the substrate.
Etching is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal.
Doping refers to the process of introducing impurity atoms into a semiconductor region in a controllable manner in order to define the electrical properties of this region
After the etching or ion implantation step, the photoresist needs to be stripped away.
Cleaning techniques are used to remove particulates and chemical impurities so contaminant-free surfaces can be obtained. However, such cleaning-methods must also be able to do this without damaging the surface.
Source http://blog.associatie.kuleuven.be
The main steps of the semiconductor manufacturing are Layering ,Photo-lithography,Etching,Doping,Resist removal and Wafer cleaning.
Layering techniques are used to grow thin layers of film on the surface of a silicon wafer.
Photo-lithography is a process used in micro fabrication to selectively remove parts of a thin film (or the bulk of a substrate). It uses light to transfer a geometric pattern from a photomask to a light-sensitive chemical (photo-resist) on the substrate.
Etching is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio in the metal.
Doping refers to the process of introducing impurity atoms into a semiconductor region in a controllable manner in order to define the electrical properties of this region
After the etching or ion implantation step, the photoresist needs to be stripped away.
Cleaning techniques are used to remove particulates and chemical impurities so contaminant-free surfaces can be obtained. However, such cleaning-methods must also be able to do this without damaging the surface.
Source http://blog.associatie.kuleuven.be
Thursday, May 23, 2013
ROOT Samsung Galaxy Pocket Plus GT-S5301
ROOT Samsung Galaxy Pocket Plus GT-S5301
Special Thank's to blearreaz0n & Phil3759
I personally Own a Samsung GT-S5301 & I have tried this on my own phone . So far it work for me & hope that it will also work for you guys........
Please Note Down:-
WARNING!!! This solution provided as is (with no
warranty of any kind). Be careful because the described operations
rather dangerous and possibly can brick your device. Author is not
responsible for your device damage.
IMPORTANT: Usage of this method will affect the state of the "Custom BIN
down" counter in your device. This means that you may have problems
with official warranty.
OTHER NOTICES: Solution based on ICS 4.0.4 Russian Stock firmware. It
will not affect the data on your device (contacts, files etc.). No
wipe\hard reset needed.
Step 1. Getting software
1. Download Odin 3.0.7 here
2. Download modified stock recovery here
3. Download update package for rooting here
4. Install Samsung drivers\kies from this page
P.S. Sorry for ugly file storage solution -
google drive. If it will open the zip archive just click "File" menu and
click "Download" (or use Ctrl+S combo).
Step 2. Flash the updates
1. Switch off the device. Hold "volume down"+"home" buttons and press
power button. When device switch on release the power button but
continue to hold volume down and home until Download mode warning
appear. Plug in the USB cable and press volume up button to continue.
The device will load in ODIN download mode.
2. Run ODIN 3.0.7. Don't change any setting (checkboxes ) - leave them
in default state. Your device should appear in "ID:COM" part of the
screen as serial device (i.e. "COM38") - if not check if your USB port
is functional and Samsung drivers installed correctly.
3. Click on PDA button and chose modified recovery file saved during
step 1.2. Don't rename or decompress the file - otherwise it will not
work.
Wait until ODIN decompress the package and check the checksums. After it
just press START button and wait until the process is over.
4. Copy update package for rooting on SD card and put the card in device's slot.
5. Switch off your device again. Hold "volume up"+"home" buttons and
press power button to switch on. Don't release volume up and home until
the recovery loaded. Using volume up and volume down buttons navigate to
menu item "apply update from external card" and press power button to
commit operation. Then navigate to Root_Superuser_3.1.3......zip file
and press power button again.
6. Done. Your device should be rooted now. You can check it with various
free programs like Root Checker available at Google Play.
You can restore the stock recovery using the same flashing procedure as described above. The stock recovery image is available here
Friday, April 19, 2013
Divisibility Rule
Divisibility
by 2 Rule
Rule: Almost everyone is familiar with this rule which states that any even number can be divided by 2. Even numbers are multiples of 2. A number is even if ends in 0,2,4,6, or 8.
Divisibility
by 3 Rule
Rule: A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
Divisibility
by 4 Rule
Rule: A number is divisible by 4 if the number's last two digits are divisible by 4.
Rule: A number is divisible by 4 if the number's last two digits are divisible by 4.
Divisibility
by 5 Rule
Rule: A number is divisible by 5 if the its last digit is a 0 or 5.
Divisibility
by 8 Rule
Rule: A number passes the test for 8 if the last three digits form a number is divisible 8.
Divisibility
by 9 Rule
Rule: A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of the digits are evenly divisible 9.
Divisibility
by 10 Rule
Rule: A number passes the test for 10 if its final digit is 0.
Wednesday, April 17, 2013
What Is Dielectric Testing?
Dielectric testing is a evaluation process performed by applying a
voltage to an electrical component that exceeds its normal operating
voltage. The purpose of the test is to determine if a component’s
insulation is adequate enough to protect the user from electric shock.
This testing procedure is typically performed on electrical components,
such as circuit boards, appliances, cables, transformers, and electric
motors. The manufacturer of an electrical component typically conducts
the testing at the end of the production process, using a special device
known as a dielectric tester.
Almost all electrical components leak a certain amount of electrical current due to a variety of different factors. This very small amount of current is considered to be safe for users, but under certain conditions, the insulating materials or mechanisms can breakdown and allow dangerous amounts to come into contact with the user. This type of insulation failure can sometimes cause serious injury or death. Dielectric testing is necessary to ensure that the insulating mechanism of an electrical component will withstand voltage variations under normal operating conditions.
The most common type of testing is the dielectric breakdown test. In this procedure, a high voltage electrical current is applied to the component. The dielectric tester monitors the amount of current leakage during the test to determine if the insulation has failed. The high voltage current continues to be applied to the device until the insulation fails or the time limit of the procedure has been reached. If the insulating mechanism does not fail, the product is usually considered to be safe for use. Electrical components that fail during dielectric testing are typically redesigned in order to meet safety requirements.
In addition to the dielectric breakdown test, a procedure known as a dielectric withstand test is also conducted to determine if defects have occurred during the manufacturing process. Electrical components sometimes contain small flaws, such as gaps or spaces that can create an electrical short circuit during the normal operation of a device. Dirt, humidity, environmental contaminates, and vibration can combine to produce an electrical shock hazard if these manufacturing flaws go undetected prior to consumer use. In this procedure, electrical current is supplied to the component at normal operating voltage. A dielectric tester is attached to the component to monitor the amount of current leakage present. If the leakage levels are within an acceptable range, the component is approved for use.
Source:- www.wisegeek.org
Almost all electrical components leak a certain amount of electrical current due to a variety of different factors. This very small amount of current is considered to be safe for users, but under certain conditions, the insulating materials or mechanisms can breakdown and allow dangerous amounts to come into contact with the user. This type of insulation failure can sometimes cause serious injury or death. Dielectric testing is necessary to ensure that the insulating mechanism of an electrical component will withstand voltage variations under normal operating conditions.
The most common type of testing is the dielectric breakdown test. In this procedure, a high voltage electrical current is applied to the component. The dielectric tester monitors the amount of current leakage during the test to determine if the insulation has failed. The high voltage current continues to be applied to the device until the insulation fails or the time limit of the procedure has been reached. If the insulating mechanism does not fail, the product is usually considered to be safe for use. Electrical components that fail during dielectric testing are typically redesigned in order to meet safety requirements.
In addition to the dielectric breakdown test, a procedure known as a dielectric withstand test is also conducted to determine if defects have occurred during the manufacturing process. Electrical components sometimes contain small flaws, such as gaps or spaces that can create an electrical short circuit during the normal operation of a device. Dirt, humidity, environmental contaminates, and vibration can combine to produce an electrical shock hazard if these manufacturing flaws go undetected prior to consumer use. In this procedure, electrical current is supplied to the component at normal operating voltage. A dielectric tester is attached to the component to monitor the amount of current leakage present. If the leakage levels are within an acceptable range, the component is approved for use.
Source:- www.wisegeek.org
Thursday, April 11, 2013
What is power factor?
Power factor is the relationship between working (active) power and total power
consumed (apparent power). Essentially, power factor is a measurement of how effectively
electrical power is being used. The higher the power factor, the more effectively
electrical power is being used.  A distribution system's operating power is composed of
two parts: Active (working) power and reactive (non-working magnetizing) power. The ACTIVE
power performs the useful work - the REACTIVE power does not. It's only function is to
develop magnetic fields required by inductive devices. |
Why improve low power factor?
Low power factor means poor electrical efficiency. The lower the power factor, the higher the apparent power drawn from the distribution network.
When low power factor is not corrected, the utility must provide the nonworking
reactive power in addition to the working active power. This results in the use of larger
generators, transformers, bus bars, wires, and other distribution system devices that
otherwise would not be necessary.As the utility's capital expenditures and operating costs are going to be higher, they are going to pass these higher expenses to industrial users in the form of power factor penalties and higher utility bills.
ABB's Power Factor Correction Capacitors Solve the Problem
| Solve low power factor problems by adding power factor correction capacitors to your
electrical network. As illustrated below, power factor correction capacitors work as
reactive current generators "providing" needed reactive power (kvar) to the
power supply. By supplying their own source of reactive power, the industrial user frees
the utility from having to supply it; therefore, the total amount of apparent power (kVA)
supplied by the utility will be less. Power factor correction capacitors reduce the total current drawn from the distribution system and subsequently increase system capacity. |
Who can benefit?
Many industrial and commercial applications can benefit from improving power factor levels. These include: manufacturers, hospitals, shopping malls, office building & institutions, pulp & paper mills, saw mills, textile mills, printing plants, Dlastic manufacturers. etc.How much can be saved?
In the following example, if power factor correction is applied to the electrical network, increasing power factor to 90%, the potential annual savings on utility bills would be $4,322.23, or an average of $360 per month, a savings of up to 15%!what is the role of reactive power in power generation?why we have maintain it.
Electrical machines work on the principle of conversion of
electromagnetic energy.A part of input energy is consumed
for creating and maintaining the magneticfield.This part of
the input energy cannot be converted into active energy and
is returned to the electrical network on removal of the
magnetic field. This power is known as “reactive” power Q.
The Q Power flows back and forth, causing 90ยบ Out of phase
shift between the current and voltage waveform.This
Reactive Power has one half of the Power In the positive
area and the other half in the negative area.
Unlike true power, reactive power is not useful power
because it is stored in the circuit itself.
This power is stored by
1)Inductors,
Because they expand and collapse their magnetic
fields in an attempt to keep current constant,
2) Capacitors, Because they charge and discharge in an
attempt to keep voltage constant.
electromagnetic energy.A part of input energy is consumed
for creating and maintaining the magneticfield.This part of
the input energy cannot be converted into active energy and
is returned to the electrical network on removal of the
magnetic field. This power is known as “reactive” power Q.
The Q Power flows back and forth, causing 90ยบ Out of phase
shift between the current and voltage waveform.This
Reactive Power has one half of the Power In the positive
area and the other half in the negative area.
Unlike true power, reactive power is not useful power
because it is stored in the circuit itself.
This power is stored by
1)Inductors,
Because they expand and collapse their magnetic
fields in an attempt to keep current constant,
2) Capacitors, Because they charge and discharge in an
attempt to keep voltage constant.
Tuesday, April 9, 2013
Calculator and E+ meaning
Calculators and e+The e stands for Exponent, which means the number of tens you multiply a number by. For example, if I square 123456789, I get 1.524157875019e+16, which means that the answer is 1.524157875019 times 10 raised to the sixteenth power (that is, multiplied by 10 sixteen times). To write it as a regular number, you can just move the decimal point to the right sixteen places, since multiplying by ten moves the decimal point one place to the right: 1.524157875019e+16 = 15,241,578,750,190,000 That's over 15 quadrillion. You can also have a negative exponent, which means you have to move the decimal point to the left. For example, if I divide 1 by 123456789, I get: 8.10000007371e-9 = 0.00000000810000007371 In both cases, you can see that the reason for using the "e" notation is to be able to show a number that would have too many digits to display if they wrote it all out. If you are interested in more about this, you might do a search in the Dr. Math archives for the words scientific notation . - Doctor Peterson, The Math Forum |
Sunday, April 7, 2013
How to Set FreeFileSync Realtime Sync.exe to run automatically on Windows
1st thing you need to know how to create a batch job with FreeFileSync main program
go to Menu > Advanced> Create batch job
Configure the settings as you desired then save it to your desire folder, for this case i will
use dektop to save the batch job with a name "MyRealTimeSync.ffs_batch"
make sure that you enable thesilent modeand ignore all error
after you got the file navigate to FreeFileSync Installation Folder and execute
RealtimeSync.exe (Its a litle apps with red FreeFileSync icon)
Navigate to Menu > File> Load Configuration
Choose the *.ffs_batchfile you had created before
1st Method
Navigate to Control Panel> Task Schedulerthen click on Create Basic Task
Give a name for the Task whatever your wish
Select the "When I log on" button
Choose Start a program on Trigger tab
add a location of your batch file on add argumentsbox
if a warning box appear choose Yesand Finish
Give a name for the Task whatever your wish
Select the "When I log on" button
Choose Start a program on Trigger tab
add a location of your batch file on add argumentsbox
if a warning box appear choose Yesand Finish
2nd Method
Create a shortcut on windows Startup folder then add type to the targettextbox with your
batch file location with quote
ex:"C:\Program Files\FreeFileSync\RealtimeSync.exe" "C:SyncJob.ffs_batch"
Now every time you Start your Windows You will had a Realtime Sync Running on the
background
batch file location with quote
ex:"C:\Program Files\FreeFileSync\RealtimeSync.exe" "C:SyncJob.ffs_batch"
Now every time you Start your Windows You will had a Realtime Sync Running on the
background
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